# Coverage and source audit

## Scope and actual counts

168 capability records; 14 broad navigational families; 270 distinct cited legal-source URLs across capability records (URLs are not a count of independently verified statutes).

- Acquisition, research and innovation: 56 records
- Industry, finance, property and infrastructure: 55 records
- International, intelligence and security: 46 records
- Financial and enterprise coordination: 11 records

## Source and currentness approach

Primary legal research: official 2024 U.S. Code title/chapter or section texts, targeted current-text checks, full relevant session laws and narrow Supreme Court holdings. Current-source access varied; some OLRC pages were under maintenance. Official amendments control over stale consolidated text. Mirrors and indexed text were corroborating access paths, not substitutes for enacted-law analysis.

Target: October 2, 2026. Major legislative overlays include P.L. 119-60 (FY2026 NDAA), 119-21 (2025 reconciliation), 119-75 (FY2026 appropriations), 119-83 (SBIR/STTR), 119-103 (FY2027 CR/DPA extension), and 119-106 (OT transparency). The NARA list reviewed through October 1 listed through P.L. 119-118 (September 30). This is a targeted reconciliation, not a complete public-law-by-section citator.

Three narrow judicial holdings were read from official U.S. Reports: Youngstown, 343 U.S. 579; OPM v. Richmond, 496 U.S. 414; National Cable Television Association, 415 U.S. 336. No comprehensive subsequent-treatment search or full judicial-authority census is claimed.

## Important unresolved or non-covered items

- Actual unobligated balances, funds control, transaction-specific delegations, contracting warrants and nonpublic implementation status.
- Every annual rider, country-specific program/anomaly, special intelligence authority, treaty or implementing agreement.
- Complete amendments reconciliation for every Code provision after the baseline and a comprehensive judicial citator.
- Operational status of identified pilots, including contractor financing and some legacy industrial/property mechanisms, where public evidence did not establish it.
- Direct corporate-equity transactions require clause- and instrument-level analysis; no blanket equity prohibition or unrestricted equity power is asserted.
- Organization sources identify institutional roles, not proof that an individual currently holds a delegation.
- Policy unwillingness and resource shortages are not inferred from the mere existence or nonuse of a statute.

## Counting and classification rules

A record is a materially useful capability/instrument, not necessarily a unique statute. Some statutes support multiple records; cross-cutting provisions recur where necessary. Broad families are navigation groupings, while the original category preserves the more specific authority type. Actor labels are not deduplicated legal entities. The execution chains are analytical institutional mappings anchored to statutes and official organization evidence.

## Domain-level audit files

### Acquisition, research and innovation

Full audit: [acquisition-audit.md](acquisition-audit.md)

# Acquisition, research, technology transfer and research workforce

## Result and interpretation

This domain inventory contains **56 distinct general capabilities**, ACQ-01 through ACQ-56, in [acquisition.json](acquisition.json). It covers conducting and buying research; assistance and other transactions; prototyping and production transition; innovation prizes; laboratory partnerships and reinvestment; small-business and university research; specialized research hiring; intellectual property; test infrastructure; procurement and contract financing; rapid acquisition; and contractual risk allocation.

**The evidence supports a wide, combinable set of pathways—not an unlimited power to do anything.** A practical technology effort can often combine a mission sponsor, a funded research or acquisition customer, an authorized awarding office, and a transition or sustainment organization. A coordinating office is not necessarily the legal authority holder, fund owner, or contracting official. Appropriations, delegation, implementation, eligibility, and an actual funded requirement remain independent questions. No record certifies available FY2027 money or an executed delegation.

**Currentness qualification:** research target is October 2, 2026. The primary baseline is GovInfo's 2024 U.S. Code, including December 23, 2024 enactments such as FY2025 NDAA P.L. 118-159, followed by a targeted full-text amendment/repeal review of enacted FY2026 NDAA P.L. 119-60 and enacted P.L. 119-83. Selected OLRC preliminary sections were cross-checked against indexed September 2026 text. This is not a representation that every section has been reconciled against every enactment through October 2. Individual records retain that qualification. A retrieval date is not a currency date.

## What materially changes the map

1. **Acquisition actors have changed.** FY2026 NDAA §1802 adds 10 U.S.C. §1732 portfolio acquisition executives: portfolio plans, budgets, execution and lifecycle responsibility, program-manager reporting to the portfolio executive, and portfolio-executive reporting to the Service/component acquisition executive. Treat the specific office implementation as a fact to verify, but do not freeze the actor map at the old PEO nomenclature. [Enacted P.L. 119-60](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ60/html/PLAW-119publ60.htm)
2. **COCOMs are not merely customers.** P.L. 119-60 §873 expressly permits each commander to conduct experimentation, prototyping and demonstrations addressing command operational needs. It connects to the §843 rapid-contracting mechanism and specified transition findings. The senior contracting official, funding predicates and applicable approvals remain. Both provisions have September 30, 2028 sunsets. [FY2026 NDAA §873](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ60/html/PLAW-119publ60.htm), [10 U.S.C. §3601 statutory notes](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartC-chap253-sec3601.htm)
3. **SBIR/STTR are not left at a September 2025 sunset.** Enacted P.L. 119-83, April 13, 2026, extends SBIR and STTR to September 30, 2031, along with specified pilot authorities. It adds strategic-breakthrough awards, matching resources, DoD acquisition/POM commitments, FY2027 proposal caps and business-assistance changes. Section 9 also permits remaining required FY2026 expenditure funds to be used in FY2027. Program extension does not establish a particular office's current solicitation or available balance. [P.L. 119-83, §§3–10](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ83/html/PLAW-119publ83.htm)
4. **Several newer procurement paths are broader than older guides suggest.** FY2026 NDAA §1831 broadens experimental purchases under §4023; §1823 broadens §3458 commercial-solutions openings; §1825 enacts §3605 metered consumption-based services; §1827 adjusts commercial subscription/consumption payment treatment; §813 changes APFIT award limits; §811 repeals old §3455 restrictions. These are separate statutory tools, not one universal fast lane. [P.L. 119-60](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ60/html/PLAW-119publ60.htm)
5. **Lab flexibility includes people, infrastructure, partner resources and receipts.** CRADAs, partnership intermediaries, §4124 public-private arrangements, retained royalties, specialized appointments and §4123 reinvestment are complementary. FY2026 NDAA §212 extends the §4123 mechanism to Major Range and Test Facility Base test organizations. None independently supplies unrestricted construction, lending, or general economic-development authority. [10 U.S.C. chapter 303](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartE-chap303.htm), [15 U.S.C. §3710a](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title15/html/USCODE-2024-title15-chap63-sec3710a.htm)

## Actors and coordination

| Function | Statutory holder/decision point | Evidenced execution or coordination routes |
|---|---|---|
| Research portfolio and awards | Secretary of Defense; military-department Secretaries; specified research officials | USD(R&E)/Service S&T leadership; DARPA program managers and Contracts Management Office; Army Research Office/DEVCOM ARL; ONR; Service research laboratories and award offices |
| Commercial experimentation and transition | Holders specified in §§4021–4023 and §4127 | DIU with mission customer, customer liaison and funding; authorized Service/DARPA/DIU agreements or contracting offices; acquiring program for production/sustainment |
| Acquisition portfolio | Service/component acquisition executive; statutory portfolio acquisition executive; authorized contracting official | Requirement owner → portfolio/program manager → comptroller and fiscal counsel → warranted contracting officer → user/test/sustainment organizations |
| COCOM experiment/rapid requirement | Commander for the express experiment and written operational determinations; senior contracting official for contracting | Command operational staff and resource sponsor → commander → senior contracting office → Service or other acquisition customer for transition |
| Laboratory collaboration and licensing | Agency-authorized laboratory director and specified agency approvers | Technical lead → Office of Research and Technology Applications (ORTA) → IP/ethics/security/fiscal counsel → authorized agreement/licensing official |
| SBIR/STTR | Agency/component award officials; program director for specified decisions | Component topic owner and SBIR/STTR office; research-security reviewers; eligible small business and institution; acquisition customer and budget owner for Phase III |
| Test infrastructure and pathways | Secretary/installation officials under particular statute; statutory test evaluators | TRMC for infrastructure coordination; Service test activities and program managers; DOT&E independent assessment where applicable |
| Research appointments | Named director/Secretary and statutory personnel authority | Lab/agency technical leader → HR eligibility, slot and pay review → budget owner → appointing official |

Sources for these role assignments include [DARPA Contracts Management](https://www.darpa.mil/about/offices/contracts-management), [DARPA program managers](https://www.darpa.mil/about/program-managers), [DEVCOM ARL research solicitations](https://arl.devcom.army.mil/collaborate-with-us/opportunity/arl-baa/), [ONR funding](https://www.onr.navy.mil/work-with-us/funding-opportunities), [DIU's customer process](https://www.diu.mil/work-with-us), [Army technology-transfer agreements](https://www.t2.army.mil/T2-Program/T2-Agreements/), [Air Force ORTAs](https://www.aft3.af.mil/Office-of-Research-and-Technology-Application-ORTA/), [SBA participating agencies](https://www.sbir.gov/participating-agencies), and [TRMC](https://ac.cto.mil/trmc/). Organizational descriptions are actor evidence, not independent grants of legal power. Illustrative chain entries do not certify a named office's warrant or delegation.

### Assembling a pathway

- **Research:** define a defense-relevant purpose and budget owner; select intramural work, research contract, assistance, research OT, or eligible lab collaboration according to its actual purpose and terms.
- **Prototype:** choose ordinary contracting, prototype OT, experimental purchase, or a research-contract bridge option. Record competition and successful-completion evidence if later noncompetitive OT production is contemplated.
- **Adoption:** identify an acquisition customer and its production/sustainment funding before treating a demonstration as a fielding plan. Possible routes include ordinary procurement, competed or legally justified follow-on, SBIR/STTR Phase III, APFIT or rapid pathways when their conditions are met.
- **Scale and sustain:** resolve data delivery and rights, recurring demand, multiyear eligibility, financing, workforce, testing, risk allocation and operating costs. Use industrial-base or facilities authorities from the other research domains where the actual need is credit, capital assets or production capacity.

An acquisition **pathway** (middle tier, software, urgent) is not the same thing as an **award instrument** (contract, grant, OT), **source of funds**, or **authority to waive a statute**. A commercial-solutions solicitation under 10 U.S.C. §3458 is also distinct from DIU's use of the term CSO for its §4022 OT solicitation process.

## Boundaries that should survive synthesis

| Proposed action | What this domain establishes | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| Pay federal money to a private collaborator solely under a CRADA | §3710a's CRADA definition expressly excludes federal funds to the nonfederal party; the laboratory may provide authorized in-kind resources and receive partner funds. Use a separately authorized award instrument for government payment. | Explicit instrument boundary; alternate path exists |
| Treat an OT, prize or research contract as unrestricted equity investment or corporate lending | The reviewed provisions grant particular research/acquisition/prize capabilities, not a general equity/loan power. Separate industrial-finance authority must be identified. | No such general authority demonstrated in these instruments |
| Sole-source production merely because an uncompetitive prototype succeeded | §4022(f)'s noncompetitive follow-on route requires competitive prototype selection and successful completion; another independently valid route may exist. | Express eligibility boundary |
| Treat ownership of hardware as ownership of its source code, patents or manufacturing know-how | Data/IP rights depend on funding, statute, license, actual deliverables and negotiated rights. §1498 supplies a compensation route for covered government patent use, not compulsory access to trade secrets. | Property/rights boundary; negotiated or specific statutory alternatives |
| Ignore fiscal law because an urgent need or OT exists | §3601 preserves specified penalty and appropriations restrictions; neither the instrument nor a ceiling creates funds. | Express and cross-cutting fiscal boundary |
| Contract out any desired service to an FFRDC | §4126 restricts work to the sponsoring agreement's purpose, mission and scope, with specified exceptions; new centers trigger congressional requirements. | Institutional-purpose boundary |
| Use an expired expert-hiring or inflation-relief branch because neighboring provisions remain active | Expired branches are separately identified below. General relief or another personnel authority is not an automatic extension. | Sunset-sensitive unavailable branch in audited text |

Primary anchors: [15 U.S.C. §3710a](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title15/html/USCODE-2024-title15-chap63-sec3710a.htm), [10 U.S.C. §4022](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section4022&num=0&edition=prelim), [technical-data chapter 275](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartD-chap275.htm), [28 U.S.C. §1498](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title28/html/USCODE-2024-title28-partIV-chap91-sec1498.htm), [10 U.S.C. §3601](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartC-chap253-sec3601.htm), [chapter 303](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartE-chap303.htm).

These are not a finding that a strategic goal is impossible. A **funding gap**, missing delegated approver, absent transition customer, unimplemented acquisition rule, private-IP negotiation failure, and a genuine statutory power gap must be recorded separately. This domain does not independently establish the public-strategy demand evidence needed for a “want to do but cannot” entry. It supplies candidate pathways and bounded negative propositions to the integrated strategy/gap analysis.

## Sunset and implementation audit

| Authority | Audited status | Execution implication |
|---|---|---|
| SBIR/STTR and specified related pilots | P.L. 119-83 extends to September 30, 2031 | Do not repeat the obsolete 2025 termination as current; still verify program implementation and funds |
| Strategic-breakthrough SBIR amendment | P.L. 119-83 §3's changes cease effective September 30, 2031 | Up to $30m/48 months is conditional; match, prior Phase II and DoD acquisition commitment matter |
| DIU BOOST adoption/integration support, FY26 §1833 | December 31, 2030 | Requests from PAE, program manager or product support manager; appropriations and guidance still matter |
| COCOM §843 rapid contracting and FY26 §873 experiments | September 30, 2028 | Track separately from permanent Service R&D powers |
| SDA eminent-expert branch of §4092 | December 31, 2030 | Organization- and position-specific; not a department-wide hiring waiver |
| Joint-AI expert branch of §4092(a)(6) | Audited text ended December 31, 2024; no extension identified in reviewed FY26 law | Not represented as available; do not infer that the whole §4092 expired |
| Inflation-only 50 U.S.C. §1431(c)–(d) branch | §1431(e) termination December 31, 2025; no FY26 extension identified | Not represented as available; general §1431(a), emergency predicate and authorized delegation require separate analysis |
| Alternative test pathway, FY26 §218 | Enacted; establishment guidance due 180 days after December 18, 2025 | Issuance/coverage was not verified; statutory independent DOT&E role remains |
| Classified-contract insurance-gap allocation, new §3864 | Applies to contracts entered after December 18, 2025; DFARS action directed | Actual implementation not verified; do not confuse mandatory risk allocation with an appropriation |

Sources: [P.L. 119-83](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ83/html/PLAW-119publ83.htm), [P.L. 119-60](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ60/html/PLAW-119publ60.htm), [10 U.S.C. chapter 303](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartE-chap303.htm), [50 U.S.C. chapter 29](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title50/html/USCODE-2024-title50-chap29.htm).

## Coverage and source audit

### Primary corpus and targeted reading

The saved text corpus in `acquisition-sources/` preserves primary statutory text and legislative notes. Sections were located by chapter sweeps, then relevant bodies and amendment provisions were read. The 2024 Code was not silently treated as today's consolidated law.

- **Title 10, chapters 301, 303, 305, 307:** research, research transactions/prizes, labs, DIU, FFRDCs, workforce, university programs and research/test facilities. Includes §§4001, 4004, 4007, 4014, 4021–4026, 4061–4062, 4091–4094, 4121–4127, 4141–4144, 4174–4175. [Chapter 301](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartE-chap301.htm), [303](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartE-chap303.htm), [305](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartE-chap305.htm), [307](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartE-chap307.htm).
- **Title 10, chapters 221, 245, 247, 249, 253:** competition, task/delivery orders, commercial procurement, multiyear contracts and rapid acquisition, including uncodified §3601/§3602 notes. [221](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartB-chap221.htm), [245](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartC-chap245.htm), [247](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartC-chap247.htm), [249](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartC-chap249.htm), [253](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartC-chap253.htm).
- **Title 10, chapters 275, 277, 281 and §3762:** technical data/IP, financing/payment, extraordinary relief/hazard indemnity, and independent-R&D cost treatment. [275](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartD-chap275.htm), [277](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartD-chap277.htm), [281](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartD-chap281.htm).
- **Other titles:** 15 U.S.C. §§638, 3710a, 3710c, 3715; 35 U.S.C. chapter 18; 31 U.S.C. chapter 63; 28 U.S.C. §1498; 50 U.S.C. chapter 29. General instrument-selection provisions are not mislabeled as substantive program grants. Patent compensation is based on the statute; no broader judicial power is claimed. [Title 35 chapter 18](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title35/html/USCODE-2024-title35-partII-chap18.htm), [Title 31 chapter 63](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title31/html/USCODE-2024-title31-subtitleV-chap63.htm).
- **Amendment audit:** P.L. 119-60 particularly §§211–212, 218, 801, 804–805, 811, 813, 873, 876, 1802, 1804, 1823, 1825, 1827, 1831, 1833; P.L. 119-83 particularly §§3–10. Full enacted-law text is saved as `PL119-60.txt` and `PL119-83.txt`.
- **OLRC indexed cross-checks:** §4001 September 22; §4022 September 15; §3458 September 18; §3605 August 2; §3793 September 27; 15 U.S.C. §638 September 29; 28 U.S.C. §1498 September 17; 50 U.S.C. §1435 August 30, 2026. These checks strengthen specific provisions, not the entire corpus.

### Limitations and exclusions

Direct OLRC responses frequently returned a maintenance page; attempted 2025 annual GovInfo paths returned error pages. Files named `10-ch*.txt` without the `2024-` prefix preserve those failed retrievals and **are not evidence**. The `2024-` chapter files, enactment files and appropriate title-specific files are the primary evidence; `*-body.txt` and `sec-*.txt` are derived working extracts. Old extracted §3455 remains in the audit corpus but is marked repealed in the substantive inventory.

This is a capability taxonomy, not an entry for every program or every aircraft/munition-specific authorization. Sector-specific pilots using the same general mechanism are not all separate records. International R&D, industrial-base credit/production support, real property, military construction and broader personnel/interagency authorities belong to the other domain inventories. In particular, the FY26 §803 pilot on selected contract financing belongs with industrial-base finance rather than being silently generalized to every procurement.

Remaining legal review should reconcile the late-2026 enacted-law delta and verify live implementation, actual delegations, appropriations, cost thresholds adjusted by law, and project facts before execution. The Rapid Innovation Program's §4061 text contains both a $6m project provision and an aggregate restriction on awards exceeding $6m; ACQ-09 preserves that tension rather than inventing a general exception. The §1498 record does not substitute for patent-specific geographic, authorization/consent, compensation or remedy analysis.

## Capability index

The JSON is the detailed record of holder, actor chain, primary citation, requirements, limitations, funding and currentness for each entry.

- **ACQ-01** — Conduct and purchase defense-relevant research and development (Research & experimentation).
- **ACQ-02** — Fund external R&D through grants and cooperative agreements (Research financial assistance).
- **ACQ-03** — Negotiate research OTs, cost sharing and contingent repayments (Other transactions).
- **ACQ-04** — Prototype technology, processes and business arrangements with flexible OTs (Other transactions).
- **ACQ-05** — Award follow-on production or sustainment after a successful prototype OT (Transition & scaling).
- **ACQ-06** — Buy experimental products, services, demonstrations and prototypes (Research & experimentation).
- **ACQ-07** — Include bridge prototype or initial production units in a research contract (Transition & scaling).
- **ACQ-08** — Award cash, noncash, contract or agreement prizes for defense innovation (Prizes & challenges).
- **ACQ-09** — Accelerate commercialization through the Rapid Innovation Program (Transition & scaling).
- **ACQ-10** — Fund multistakeholder innovation partnerships and allocate DIU project funding (Innovation partnerships).
- **ACQ-11** — Exchange laboratory resources and receive partner funding through CRADAs (Technology transfer).
- **ACQ-12** — Sponsor research through FFRDCs within approved missions (Research institutions).
- **ACQ-13** — Share underused laboratory capabilities and undertake public-private work (Laboratory partnerships).
- **ACQ-14** — Use partnership intermediaries to connect labs, firms and universities (Technology transfer).
- **ACQ-15** — Reinvest laboratory and test-organization funds in innovation, transition, people and minor infrastructure (Laboratory investment).
- **ACQ-16** — Fund small-business research and commercialization through SBIR (Small-business innovation).
- **ACQ-17** — Pair small firms and research institutions through STTR (Small-business innovation).
- **ACQ-18** — Purchase SBIR/STTR-derived technology through Phase III awards (Transition & scaling).
- **ACQ-19** — Match outside capital with strategic breakthrough Phase II awards (Small-business scale-up).
- **ACQ-20** — Pay for commercialization, IP, cybersecurity and business assistance (Small-business support).
- **ACQ-21** — Build research capacity in eligible states through DEPSCoR (University research & workforce).
- **ACQ-22** — Strengthen HBCU and minority-serving defense research and education (University research & workforce).
- **ACQ-23** — Contract directly for university students’ temporary technical services (Research workforce).
- **ACQ-24** — Provide STEM scholarships and fellowships tied to service (Research workforce).
- **ACQ-25** — Direct-hire laboratory scientists, engineers, students and qualified veterans (Research workforce).
- **ACQ-26** — Recruit eminent experts with special appointment and pay flexibility (Research workforce).
- **ACQ-27** — Offer enhanced pay for critical laboratory technology positions (Research workforce).
- **ACQ-28** — License federally owned inventions to commercialize technology (Intellectual property & technology transfer).
- **ACQ-29** — Buy patents, copyrights, software, technical data and infringement releases (Intellectual property & technology transfer).
- **ACQ-30** — Retain government-use rights and conditionally intervene in federally funded inventions (Intellectual property & technology transfer).
- **ACQ-31** — Use patented inventions for the government with compensation liability (Intellectual property & technology transfer).
- **ACQ-32** — Obtain and enforce technical-data rights for competition, repair and integration (Technical data & sustainment).
- **ACQ-33** — Finance, furnish, lend, lease or sell specialized contractor research/test facilities (Test infrastructure).
- **ACQ-34** — Sell commercial access to designated DoD test ranges and facilities (Test infrastructure).
- **ACQ-35** — Acquire military supplies and services through competitive contracts (Procurement).
- **ACQ-36** — Limit competition or use sole-source procedures for defined statutory reasons (Procurement).
- **ACQ-37** — Create task/delivery-order contracts and place repeat orders (Procurement).
- **ACQ-38** — Commit to multiyear equipment purchases and economic-order quantities (Procurement & demand commitments).
- **ACQ-39** — Buy qualifying services on a multiyear basis (Procurement & demand commitments).
- **ACQ-40** — Acquire commercial solutions through general solicitations and follow-on awards (Commercial acquisition).
- **ACQ-41** — Provide advance, progress, partial and performance-based contract payments (Contract financing).
- **ACQ-42** — Rapidly acquire urgent capabilities and make limited emergency funding/waiver decisions (Rapid acquisition).
- **ACQ-43** — Use middle-tier rapid prototyping and fielding pathways (Rapid acquisition).
- **ACQ-44** — Continuously acquire, develop and update software and covered hardware (Software acquisition).
- **ACQ-45** — Fund high-value accelerated procurement and fielding of innovative technologies (Transition & scaling).
- **ACQ-46** — Purchase metered consumption-based capabilities with flexible lifecycle funding (Commercial acquisition).
- **ACQ-47** — Request enhanced rapid contracting for COCOM operational needs (COCOM acquisition).
- **ACQ-48** — Conduct COCOM experiments and make findings supporting transition (COCOM experimentation).
- **ACQ-49** — Start urgent development before the next budget cycle (Rapid acquisition & resource alignment).
- **ACQ-50** — Use an alternative iterative, data-driven test pathway (Test & evaluation).
- **ACQ-51** — Grant extraordinary national-defense contractual relief (Contract relief & risk allocation).
- **ACQ-52** — Indemnify unusually hazardous research/development work (Contract relief & risk allocation).
- **ACQ-53** — Assume classified-contract work-in-process risk that cannot be commercially insured (Contract relief & risk allocation).
- **ACQ-54** — Reimburse contractor independent R&D through allowable contract costs (Research financial assistance).
- **ACQ-55** — Retain licensing royalties and reinvest in inventors and laboratory missions (Technology transfer).
- **ACQ-56** — Request DIU commercial-technology adoption and integration support through BOOST (Transition & scaling).


### Industry, finance, property and infrastructure

Full audit: [industrial-audit.md](industrial-audit.md)

# Industrial-base finance, property and infrastructure authority audit

Research target: **2026-10-02**. Deliverable: **55 substantive capability records**, `IND-01`–`IND-55`, in [industrial.json](industrial.json). No account balance, executed delegation, open solicitation or transaction approval is certified merely because a statutory route exists.

## Executive findings

1. **The statutory toolkit is substantially broader than ordinary procurement.** It includes priority/allocation directions, conditional direct loans and guarantees, offtake/purchase commitments, subsidies, intermediary investment awards, private industrial facility construction, public-private depot arrangements, actual housing equity/debt investment, real-estate acquisition/outleasing/exchanges, utility privatization, performance-based energy financing, and civilian infrastructure grants. These are different legal instruments with different eligibility and money requirements—not one fungible “investment” power.
2. **FY26 legislation materially changes the map.** [Pub. L. 119-60](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ60/html/PLAW-119publ60.htm) §867 adds unusually broad, express industrial-capacity powers in 10 U.S.C. §4817(g)–(m); §2802 adds construction other transactions in §2808a; §1411 relaxes stockpile disposal and waiting rules; §§2843–2845 expand/extend intergovernmental support provisions. Older summaries can now be wrong on the central capabilities and the implementation requirements.
3. **Money vintage is a substantive feasibility gate.** §867(b) prohibits use of funds made available **before December 18, 2025** to carry out activities under the new §4817(g)–(j) powers. Thus the large July 2025 reconciliation industrial-base appropriations cannot automatically be paired with those new powers. Their own purposes and preexisting authorities must be assessed separately. Do not infer that those appropriations are wholly unusable; the restriction is on use under the specified newly added authorities.
4. **DPA is currently extended, not already expired.** [Pub. L. 119-103, div. B §2004](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ103/html/PLAW-119publ103.htm) extends the general DPA termination date in 50 U.S.C. §4564 to **December 11, 2026**. Several sections, including voluntary agreements §4558, are excepted from the general sunset. Title III appropriations and credit conditions remain independent requirements.
5. **Specific DPA appropriations carry their own delegation-equivalent language.** [Pub. L. 119-75, div. A, title III, “Defense Production Act Purchases”](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ75/html/PLAW-119publ75.htm) supplies $321.923 million until expended for DPA §§108, 301–303 and permits the Secretary to obligate/expend those amounts as if delegated necessary DPA authority. This is enacted statutory text, not an Executive Order treated as a free-standing grant. Whether a particular Presidential finding is nondelegable and whether direct-credit subsidy/principal requirements are met still needs instrument-specific review.
6. **DoD cannot accurately be described as lacking all equity authority.** Housing statute [10 U.S.C. §2875](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section2875&num=0&edition=prelim) expressly permits stock, partnership and debt investment. [Pub. L. 119-21 §20001(b)](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ21/html/PLAW-119publ21.htm) temporarily raises both housing investment caps to 60% through September 30, 2029. Uncodified industrial pilot §1711 (10 U.S.C. §4816 note) expressly includes third-party support for debt/equity investment; it terminates December 31, 2026. New §4817(h)(3) authorizes intermediary investment awards for five years. OSC §149, by contrast, defines capital assistance as loans, guarantees and technical assistance, not a general direct stock-purchase program.
7. **Do not transform the remaining direct-industrial-equity ambiguity into a categorical legal prohibition.** The current official [Industrial Base Policy news index](https://www.businessdefense.gov/news/index.html) reports an August 31, 2026, estimated $174 million gallium **equity financing** investment through IBAS. That is operational evidence—not a judicial holding or independent legal grant. The reviewed broad industrial incentive/purchase provisions do not expressly enumerate all direct equity instruments. The public deal announcement does not expose the complete transaction documents, appropriations lineage or counsel theory. Classification: **instrument-specific legal-basis/oversight clarification**, not “DoD can never own industrial equity” and not “DoD can buy any stock.”
8. **The October 2 fiscal environment is a separate constraint.** [Pub. L. 119-103, div. A §§101–110](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ103/html/PLAW-119publ103.htm) continues FY26 projects under a FY27 CR, with restrictions on new production, production-rate increases, new starts and certain multiyear economic-order-quantity procurements using CR funds. It does not erase the existence of other unexpired, purpose-available funding. Every pathway needs a funds-source check.
9. **Contract financing-cost recovery is distinct from government lending.** Full [FY26 NDAA §803](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ60/html/PLAW-119publ60.htm) authorizes a discretionary pilot treating qualifying private borrowing/financing costs as allowable contract costs for inventory or capacity-expansion activities. Independent financing entities provide the capital; DoD pays allowable costs only subject to appropriations, and termination liability is capped at already obligated funds. Congressional briefing and pilot establishment precede use; implementation was not verified. Covered contracts must be entered before December 31, 2029. Relevant policy office is [DPCAP Price, Cost and Finance](https://www.acq.osd.mil/asda/dpc/pcf/index.html), not a separately verified pilot delegate.

## Coverage audit

### Underlying legal text actually retrieved and examined

Official **GovInfo 2024 U.S. Code chapter HTML** was downloaded in full to `industrial-sources/`, with operative-text extracts for focused reading. Source URLs follow the exact title/part/chapter paths shown below. Full chapter retention permits checking surrounding restrictions rather than relying on snippets.

- [Title 50 chapter 55: DPA](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title50/html/USCODE-2024-title50-chap55.htm): §§4511, 4531–4534, 4552–4555, 4558, 4564; exceptions, definitions, funding, notifications and statutory notes. Rolling OLRC September 2026 entries checked for extension and FY26 changes.
- [Title 50 chapter 5: stockpiling](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title50/html/USCODE-2024-title50-chap5.htm): §§98a–98h-7, especially acquisition/disposal, processing/recovery, material loans, fund controls, feasibility studies, reliable-source contracting and multiyear minerals procurement.
- [Title 10 chapter 4](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partI-chap4.htm): full §149 OSC operative text, then FY26 §§905–906 amendments including fees, services, due diligence, defaults and agency support.
- [Title 10 chapter 382](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partV-subpartI-chap382.htm): industrial-base assessments, §4816 industrial innovation pilot note, §4817 Fund, and §4818 industrial information cross-reference. Full FY26 §867 read for new powers and restrictions.
- [Title 10 chapter 131](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIV-chap131.htm): §2208 working-capital operation, customer funds limits, capital timing, billing, depreciation, outside work and depot construction. FY26 §333 extends §2208(u) through September 30, 2027.
- [Title 10 chapter 146](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIV-chap146.htm): §§2464, 2466 and 2474 organic industrial capabilities and public-private partnerships. [Chapter 152](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIV-chap152.htm): §2563 private-party industrial sales; [Army chapters 763](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleB-partIV-chap763.htm) and [764](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleB-partIV-chap764.htm): §§7543–7544 and §§7551–7555 ARMS property/loan-guarantee route.
- [Title 10 chapter 159](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIV-chap159.htm): land acquisition/options/condemnation, notice, outleasing, in-kind exchange, easements, overseas leases, IGSA, encroachment/resilience, utilities, conservation disposal and administrative expense recovery. FY26 utility and IGSA amendments read separately.
- [Title 10 chapter 169](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIV-chap169.htm): ordinary/minor/emergency MILCON, design, facility contracts, repair, real-property exchanges and housing finance. FY26 new §2808a and §§2871–2874 amendment sweep; FY25 reconciliation housing-cap change checked.
- [Title 10 chapter 173](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIV-chap173.htm): energy incentives, utility-financed conservation, electricity sale/receipts and long-term energy procurement. [42 U.S.C. §8287](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section8287&num=0&edition=prelim): energy savings performance-contract express authorities and annual payment/savings conditions.
- [Title 10 chapter 160](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIV-chap160.htm): environmental restoration roles, agreements, funds, CERCLA cross-references; FY26 §324 permitted PFAS disposal technologies.
- [Title 10 chapter 141](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIV-chap141.htm): §2391 community adjustment, diversification and infrastructure grants; FY26 §§2805–2807 updated workforce infrastructure, priority/allocation and demolition provisions.
- [40 U.S.C. §545](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title40-section545&num=0&edition=prelim): surplus disposal competitive/negotiated paths and GSA legal holder. Adjacent §§541/550 cited to identify general regime, not independently described as unrestricted Service disposal power.

### Enacted-law and appropriations reconciliation

Full HTML downloaded and text extracted for **Pub. L. 119-60, 119-103, 119-75 and 119-21**. Searches across full enacted text looked for affected section numbers and financial/property terms; relevant amendment sections read, not merely bill summaries.

Verified material deltas include:

- §4817: new incentives, subsidies, commitments, plant construction, materials reserves; prohibited covered-country activities; 30-day prior report for nonenumerated purposes; **December 31, 2035** repeal of (g)–(m); shorter five-year intermediary-award period; pre-enactment-funds restriction.
- Stockpile: disposal based on most recent annual plan, 15-day post-disposal notice; specified 45-day waits become **30 days**; §98e(a) legal holder changed to **Stockpile Manager**. Older financial reports describing transaction-specific legislative disposal authority must not override amended statute.
- Construction: new **§2808a** facilities OT, **14-day advance** transaction notice; no emergency requirement; competitive-selection/successful-completion conditions for noncompetitive follow-on. Minor construction general congressional notice threshold becomes **$6 million**, with notice within **90 days after obligation**. Laboratory modernization moved from §2805(g) to §2810(f).
- IGSA: savings pilot through **September 30, 2030**; ordnance disposal expressly included; Yap and Palau included in that section’s State definition; security-guard and firefighting exclusions remain.
- Utility conveyance: §2688(k) rewritten to allow contributions of authorized/appropriated project amount to conveyee for specified improvements, title vesting, property access and repurchase offset.
- OSC: new fission/fusion category; fees, services, debt collection, third-party support and compliance-presumption provisions. **October 1, 2028** termination for new loans/guarantees and technical assistance remains in reviewed text.
- Housing investment: temporary **60%** capital-cost caps through September 30, 2029 (cash and land-inclusive).
- FY26 §8134 OSC appropriation: **$97.770 million**, no-year, up to $2.5 million admin/transaction costs, **$4.390 billion** principal ceiling. FY25 reconciliation: **$500 million** minerals-focused credit assistance and **$1 billion** general credit assistance, each with a $100 billion principal ceiling and appropriations through September 30, 2029. These are enacted program amounts, **not verified unobligated balances**, and different subsidy rates mean principal caps are not equivalent to deployable funding.

## Actor routing: legal holder is not the program brand

- **Industrial capacity:** statutory Secretary of Defense → USD(A&S) / Industrial Base Policy → Industrial Base Resilience / **Warfighting Investments, Resourcing, and Execution (WIRE)** → IBAS/DPA program and assigned agreements/contracting office. The current [WIRE page](https://www.businessdefense.gov/ibr/wire.html) explicitly identifies DPA/IBF oversight and DIBC/Cornerstone execution channels. A consortium is an instrument/partner, not a statutory authority holder. §4817(b) retains legacy office-title language; organizational routing cannot silently amend it.
- **DPA executive agent:** FY26 §862 repeals old statutory barriers to changing the Air Force executive-agent designation. Repeal does **not** identify a successor. Older AF documents map AFRL/RX, but the records intentionally require confirmation of current assignment rather than assert an obsolete exclusive route.
- **OSC:** Director under §149; technology sponsors identify needs, credit/due-diligence teams structure financing, private lenders/investors supply nonfederal capital, comptroller/OMB/Treasury handle credit funding and scoring. Current official [OSC site](https://www.cto.mil/osc/) supports program existence; specific applications and award availability are not assessed here.
- **Stockpile:** legally designated National Defense Stockpile Manager, with USD(A&S)/DLA organizational execution and **DLA Strategic Materials** planning/acquisition/storage/contracting. The [FY25 DLA report](https://www.dla.mil/Portals/104/Documents/J8Finance/DLA%20FY25%20NDSTF%20AFR.pdf) supports actor chain; amended 2025 law controls the legal tests.
- **Real estate and facilities:** Service installation secretariats and installation requirements → **USACE district real estate/construction**, **NAVFAC real estate/facilities engineering**, **AFCEC installations/facility engineering**, depending on owning Service/assignment. Public pages establish actual functions, not every signature delegation. COCOMs often supply operational demand; the record does not assign a COCOM a Service Secretary’s land or housing authority.
- **Energy:** installation sponsor and Service energy office → **DLA Energy Installation Energy** (commodities/ESPC and project support) or **Utility Services** (privatization contracting), with Service/Secretary approvals. [DLA organizational description](https://www.dla.mil/Energy/About/Organization.aspx) distinguishes these business units.
- **Community:** **OLDCC** grants officials connect installation mission needs, State/local applicants and eligible utilities under §2391. **REPI** connects military training/testing and State/local/conservation partners under §2684a. Neither grants authority becomes an authority to operate private businesses.
- **ARMS:** Army industrial-base program and JMC, with GOCO facility operators. Older official organizational materials name PEO Ammunition/Project Director Joint Services; current 2026 portfolio identifies the Ammunition and Energetics organization. These are implementation leads, not proof of a currently active credit program.

## Important unresolved questions and nonclaims

1. **Direct industrial equity instruments.** Reviewed statutes clearly authorize housing equity, third-party investment support and broad industrial incentives. Public industrial equity deals exist. Full deal-specific legal theory, instrument, ownership/governance rights, appropriations lineage and any court ruling were not retrieved. Do not invent a universal permission or prohibition.
2. **§2869 services/facility exchange pilot.** Its eight-year clock starts with required guidance, not the date printed in the U.S. Code. The controlling guidance issue date was not verified. Core land-for-land/existing acquisition exchange remains separately catalogued. Expanded pilot marked unresolved rather than usable now.
3. **ARMS loan guarantees.** §7555 remains positive statutory authority in reviewed code; an official Army guide states it is no longer used. Current subsidy appropriation, administrator and open operational process not established. This is a strong example of **authority exists, program/funding not demonstrated**, not a legal gap.
4. **DPA domestic-source distinctions.** Generic definition covers United States/Canada. Title III adds Australia/U.K. only for specified national-defense matters not fully addressable with U.S./Canadian concerns. The broader national technology and industrial base definition or IBF reliable-source definition is not interchangeable with this DPA rule.
5. **Industrial stockpile purpose.** Existing reserve/processing powers can serve defense production and resilience; §98a prevents treating the stockpile as an unrestricted economic/budgetary market-intervention account.
6. **Resource and delegation status.** Statutes create possible paths; actual unobligated balances, apportionment, allotment, approvals, delegated signing officials, credit subsidy rates and project-level environmental/land-use conditions were not audited.
7. **Currentness limitation.** OLRC live direct-page reads intermittently returned “under maintenance.” Official annual chapter text plus enacted amendments was used to recover the legal content; searchable rolling entries provided additional corroboration into September 2026. This domain did not independently read every intervening public law or every annual appropriations rider. Root-level current-law delta review must remain visible. Access on October 2 is not proof that every provision is updated through October 2.
8. **Coverage boundaries.** This domain did not separately inventory every reserve-component construction program, every base-specific conveyance, historic one-off disposal, shipbuilding financial program, Energy Department/nuclear-material authority, or every expired pilot. R&D/ManTech/acquisition, small-business programs, international security cooperation, intelligence and cross-cutting fiscal law are assigned to other research domains. The retained chapters include adjacent sections to support reconciliation; downloaded volume is not a claim that every historic note is an active authority.

## Boundary/gap candidates for integrated review

- **Legally bounded:** OSC’s statutory pilot cannot be treated as unlimited direct equity authority; its specified technologies must not be solely defense-use, new-loan window is finite, and direct loans carry 80% nonfederal-capital rule. Alternative industrial/housing/partner routes must be tested before alleging a residual gap.
- **Legally bounded:** ordinary O&M repair cannot fund new construction/additions under §2811. But MILCON, minor construction, facilities OT, private industrial investment, in-kind leasing and utility contributions can furnish distinct authorized paths.
- **Legally bounded:** industrial priority/allocation authority does not include forced labor or a free-standing corporate seizure power. This is different from compelling acceptance/performance of eligible commercial defense orders.
- **Legally bounded:** requested action in a §4817 covered country cannot be funded under those industrial-base authorities; do not assume another instrument overrides that prohibition without independent analysis.
- **Funding/coordination rather than absent authority:** distressed strategic production can potentially match offtake, capacity grants, DPA/OSC credit, stockpile commitments, recycling/qualification, and private facilities support—but not if participants, funds vintage, repayment prospects or appropriate requirement findings are missing.
- **Policy/operating gap:** statutory ARMS credit exists yet official program guide says not used; dormant machinery is not the same as a legal prohibition.
- **Candidate clarification, not proven gap:** direct industrial equity transactions, standing government fund-of-funds authority, and execution ownership after organization changes require specific legal/instrument evidence. Strategy preference alone cannot establish absence of authority.

## Data quality checks

Each record contains the required schema, positive statutory citations, explicit holder, five actor-chain roles, primary organization/statute role sources, eligibility/limits/funding, a coordination path and conditional availability statement. All identifiers are unique. No bill proposal is represented as enacted law. Secondary reporting informed search leads only; positive legal claims are grounded in official statutes/enacted law. No operational military targeting or classified detail is included.


### International, intelligence and security

Full audit: [international-audit.md](international-audit.md)

# International, security-cooperation, intelligence and security authority research

**Research target:** law effective October 2, 2026. **Product:** 46 general capability records in `international.json`, with statutory basis, holder, planner/resource-owner/approver/executor/partner chain, preconditions, limits, funding route and source-specific uncertainty. This is a capability taxonomy, not a country-by-country operational authorization, legal opinion, appropriation certification or proof of delegated signing authority.

## Principal findings

1. DoD has numerous express ways to combine resources with partners: joint R&D and procurement, reciprocal tests, logistics and communications exchanges, foreign contributions, host-nation support, NATO infrastructure, education networks, sales, leases and narrowly defined credit. Their purposes and conditions differ; they are not interchangeable routes around restrictions.
2. A distributed execution chain is normal. A CCMD requirement can be planned with a country team, financed through a named program/account, approved by Defense and State, and executed by a Service or designated agency. A planning or intelligence office is not thereby a contracting officer or an appropriation owner.
3. Intelligence business flexibility is substantial but purpose-bound. Examples include commercial cover, recycling authorized CI proceeds, foreign cryptologic support, confidential expenditures, shared intelligence funding, NSA research grants and NGA exchange/licensing receipts. These do not establish general domestic commercial intervention or unlimited collection power.
4. An explicit partner-dependent pathway is **10 U.S.C. §385**: limited DoD financing of complementary foreign-assistance work that another Federal agency can perform and DoD cannot. This directly contradicts a claim that every necessary national-security activity must already be within DoD's own substantive remit, while demonstrating that coordination can solve some gaps.
5. Legal availability, implementation and resources must be separately displayed. For example, **10 U.S.C. §2350s** expressly permits contributions to a NATO dual-use venture fund; this research did not establish an available U.S. appropriation, participation agreement or current contribution. DCSA also has documented execution/resource shortfalls despite existing protective authority.

## Evidence method and currentness

### What was actually read

The official GovInfo 2024 Code chapter texts were downloaded, section bodies and relevant statutory notes read, and relevant enacted FY2026 NDAA changes applied directly. The year in the package name is not the target date: those official packages are the baseline, including amendments through the end of that edition. Current OLRC indexed section text was used to corroborate selected provisions. OLRC direct requests frequently returned a maintenance page even with HTTP 200; such pages are not evidence that a section is absent or repealed. Cornell current-text mirrors were used for navigability and cross-checking, not to replace the enacted-law anchor.

Primary baseline sources:

- [Title 10, chapter 16: Security Cooperation](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partI-chap16.htm).
- [Title 10, chapter 138: Cooperative Agreements with NATO Allies and Other Countries](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIV-chap138.htm).
- [Title 10, chapter 21: Department of Defense Intelligence Matters](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partI-chap21.htm).
- [Title 10, chapter 15: Military Support for Civilian Law Enforcement Agencies](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partI-chap15.htm).
- [Title 10, chapter 20: Humanitarian and Other Assistance](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partI-chap20.htm).
- [Title 10, chapter 22: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partI-chap22.htm).
- [Title 22, chapter 39: Arms Export Control](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title22/html/USCODE-2024-title22-chap39.htm).
- [Title 50, chapter 48: Cooperative Threat Reduction](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title50/html/USCODE-2024-title50-chap48.htm), and [chapter 47: National Security Agency](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title50/html/USCODE-2024-title50-chap47.htm).
- [Title 12, chapter 35: financial privacy](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title12/html/USCODE-2024-title12-chap35.htm), and [Title 15, chapter 41, subchapter III: consumer reporting](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title15/html/USCODE-2024-title15-chap41-subchapIII.htm).
- [Pub. L. 119-60, FY2026 NDAA, enacted December 18, 2025](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ60/html/PLAW-119publ60.htm).

Local normalized evidence is in `research/sources-int/`. Files containing `-2024` are baseline snapshots, not independently current Code. `PL119-60.txt` is the enacted 2025 law. Early files without `-2024` for the five major chapters are maintenance-page artifacts and must not be cited. `10-chapter20A-2024.txt` is a failed retrieval; CTR is actually Title 50 chapter 48. The valid `10-4819-2024.txt` was retrieved from Title 10 chapter 382.

### Selected later-law corrections applied

| Provision | Applied correction and operational consequence |
|---|---|
| FY26 §715 / new 10 USC2350t | Five Eyes medical interoperability agreements encompass research, trials, medical logistics and related activity; does not automatically waive other health/export law. |
| FY26 §§871–872 / FY24 §842 pilot | International product-support demonstrations now include advanced manufacturing; pilot sunset December 31, 2030; initial joint exercise due by September 30, 2027. |
| FY26 §1201 / 10 USC321 | Friendly military **or comparable-function national-security forces** eligible; general-purpose-force military-only restriction removed; payment categories and reporting revised. Same provision repeals the FY22 §1332 Strategic Competition Initiative: do not show that repealed authority as current. |
| FY26 §1202 / 10 USC333(g)(2) | Removes “made” after “Amounts”; baseline's FY25-and-later duration structure still requires the actual applicable funding text. |
| FY26 §1203 / 10 USC342 | Regional-center military/defense/security participant waiver no longer restricted to developing countries; national-security-interest determination remains. |
| FY26 §1204 / 10 USC345 | IWC executive agent changes from DSCA Director to ASD(SO/LIC). Older organizational material must not override enacted amendment. |
| FY26 §1205 / 10 USC352 | NAVSCIATTS operation becomes mandatory; tuition may not include its fixed operating/maintenance costs. |
| FY26 §1206 / 10 USC341 note | Guard partnership selection analysis must consider current partnership loads and State Guard capacity. |
| FY26 §1234 | Covered-country IWTSD joint emerging-technology RDT&E pathway has pre-activity reporting, agreement, IP and adversary-access safeguards. Implementation not presumed. |
| FY26 §1246 / 10 USC2350j | Expands burden-sharing uses for eligible deployed/rotational support and certain construction; excludes military pay/allowances/benefits and retains findings/notices. |
| FY26 §1621 / new 10 USC430e | Centralized vendor deconfliction/risk-management capability for intelligence commercial activities, with implementation deadline December 18, 2026. Governance obligation, not a new substantive collection or commerce power. |
| FY26 §1010 / 10 USC284 | Additional reporting for counterdrug/transnational-crime support; not general police authority. |

Selected OLRC indexed legal-currentness markers encountered: §§2350a, 431 and 12 USC3414 through September 20, 2026; §4819 September 28; §454 September 29. These dates apply to those snapshots, not the whole dataset. The parent research separately tracks the public-law list through September 30 and the FY2027 continuing resolution. **This domain has not independently certified every amendment through October 2.** Country sanctions, restrictions and annual/supplemental appropriations require the parent's common legal-currentness check and a transaction-specific check. Do not turn access date into a claim of legal currency.

## Coverage map

| Capability families | Records | Principal corpus |
|---|---|---|
| Joint technology development, procurement and tests | INT-01–03, INT-12–13, INT-43 | 10 USC2350a/b/d/l/t; 22 USC2767; FY24 §842 as amended; FY26 §1234 |
| Cross-servicing, contributions, host support, transport/communications, NATO finance | INT-04–11 | 10 USC2341–2350s, with conditions grouped by general capability |
| Training, equipment, operational support, institutional governance, exchanges, Guard partnerships | INT-14–19 | 10 USC311–335, 341, 362, 382 |
| Sales, credit, guarantees, leases, excess stock and drawdown | INT-20–23 | AECA and FAA: 22 USC2752–2796b, 2318, 2321j |
| Humanitarian/disaster/mine and WMD risk reduction | INT-24–27 | 10 USC401/402/404/407/2561; 50 USC3711–3713 |
| Interagency complementary support and special-operations partners | INT-28–29 | 10 USC385,127e |
| Intelligence finance, commercial arrangements and industrial protection | INT-30–37, INT-41–42 | 10 USC421–437/453–455/4819; 50 USC3038/3611; financial/consumer-record statutes |
| Domestic civilian-agency support and purchasing | INT-38–40 | 10 USC271–284 |
| Education/research networks and shared institutions | INT-44–46 | 10 USC342/344/345/346; related school statutes audited below |

### Specialized variants retained here without padding the headline record count

- **NATO AWACS support, 10 USC2350e:** narrowly listed reimbursement/surcharge waivers and contingent liabilities (including specified negligence, taxes and termination liabilities) under named program agreements. Contract authority effective only as appropriations Acts provide. This is not general indemnification authority. [Code](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section2350e&num=0&edition=prelim).
- **NATO headquarters, 10 USC2350n/r:** facilities/equipment and appropriated support for NATO Joint Force Command; Army O&M-derived NATO Allied SOF Command support up to the specified $55 million annual ceiling for interoperability, coordination and education. Not an appropriation or a general contribution to any international organization. [§2350n](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section2350n&num=0&edition=prelim), [§2350r](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section2350r&num=0&edition=prelim).
- **School-specific statutes, 10 USC343 and347–352:** WHINSEC, Service academy foreign attendance/exchanges, Aviation Leadership, Inter-American and Inter-European Air Forces Academies, Inter-American Defense College and NAVSCIATTS have distinct student, reimbursement, spending, support and State-coordination rules. These are variants of education/payment capability, not blanket tuition-waiver powers. For example, §347 ordinary exchange students do not receive U.S. cadet pay or DoD-funded international travel; brief cultural visits use a different subsection and ceiling. §352 supplies a school/operator framework, while actual foreign training still requires an applicable training authority. FY26 §1205 changes are noted above.
- **Incidental intelligence expenditures, 10 USC422:** host foreign CI officials and purchase nominal recruitment items from the proper existing intelligence funds. **§§424–425** provide information/name protections, not general commerce grants. **§427** establishes a conflict-records research function; no generalized public commercial data-release authority inferred.
- **10 USC430b:** statutory executive-agent duties for open-source intelligence tool inventory, acquisition/development priorities, certification and privacy assessment; supporting components provide resources. It does not itself identify every contracting office or authorize unrestricted purchase/collection of personal data. **10 USC430c** supplies independent intelligence oversight. [Chapter 21](https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partI-chap21.htm).
- **10 USC430d:** dedicated cyber-intelligence capability was required by October 1, 2026, using USCYBERCOM MIP funds, nonduplication and constrained NSA IT support. FY2027-and-later budget materials must request needed funds. A legal deadline is not evidence that capability, billets or money exist on October 2. This is a mission/resource assignment, not an independent new contracting instrument.
- **10 USC2343–2348:** ACSA payment, settlement, receipts, waivers, ceiling and inventory limits travel with INT-04 even when not individually listed in its headline citations. **§2349** overseas-workload bidding eligibility is included in INT-13 alongside, but legally separate from, the time-limited pilot.
- Human-rights/unit restrictions under **10 USC362**, State human-rights restrictions and AECA end-use/retransfer and congressional-review requirements remain cross-cutting gates. Receiving authority is not permission to spend receipts for unrelated purposes.

Country-specific annual/uncodified programs were screened as variants; this file is not a full Ukraine/Taiwan/Israel/Baltic or sanctions catalogue. It does not assert that all countries are eligible for any generic record. Presidential export, sanctions, coercive economic or police powers are not silently attributed to DoD. No EO12333, directive, strategy or organization chart is used as an independent substantive grant; no court-created positive authority is asserted in this domain.

## Actor atlas and decision rights

### International capability execution

**Planning is distinct from execution.** The geographic commands—AFRICOM, CENTCOM, EUCOM, INDOPACOM, NORTHCOM and SOUTHCOM—and functional commands—CYBERCOM, SPACECOM, SOCOM, STRATCOM and TRANSCOM—supply theater/functional priorities. Country teams/SCOs refine partner requirements; program and account owners control resources; statutory holders and delegates approve; implementing agencies and warranted officials execute. Some statutes give commanders particular payment powers, but a J-code or command requirement does not create a general contracting warrant. [DSCA SAMM chapter 1](https://samm.dsca.mil/chapter/chapter-1), [chapter 2](https://samm.dsca.mil/chapter/chapter-2), and [10 USC382](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section382&num=0&edition=prelim).

| Layer | Actors and practical role |
|---|---|
| Policy, prioritization, release | USD(P), DSCA, DTSA; State for foreign-policy and statutory concurrence; USD(A&S)/USD(R&E) for armaments and technology. |
| Army execution | DASA(DE&C); USASAC materiel/support; SATFA training; USACE infrastructure; PEOs/program offices. |
| Navy/Marine execution | NIPO; relevant systems commands, PEOs and case offices. |
| Air/Space execution | SAF/IA; implementing acquisition/training program offices. |
| Fourth-estate support | DLA supply; DCMA administration; DCAA audit; DFAS payment; DISA communications; DTRA threat reduction; intelligence agencies for release/mission support. |
| Approval versus finance | Statutory holder/delegate signs findings or agreements; appropriate comptroller certifies account availability; contracting/agreement officer obligates within actual authority. |

The chart is routing guidance; it does not claim every listed organization may execute every instrument. SAMM and directives document contemporary roles, while the statutes in each record establish the positive authority.

### Deep USD(I&S) mapping

The public organizational directory provides four DDI groupings. Use office titles, not transient named incumbents. These subdivisions are **coordination/oversight routes**, not separate appropriations or powers to sign any desired instrument. [OUSD(I&S) organization](https://ousdi.defense.gov/About-Us/Organization/).

| Group | Publicly listed component routes |
|---|---|
| PREM | Airborne & Space ISR; Battlespace Awareness & Security Programs; Functional Intelligence & Defense Analysis; Infrastructure Architecture/PED; MIP & Security Resource. |
| Sensitive Activities & Special Programs | Strategic Coordination PMO; Special Programs; HUMINT & Sensitive Activities; National Programs & Policy Support; Influence and Perceptional Management Office. |
| Counterintelligence, Law Enforcement & Security | Information & Acquisition Protection; Integrated Vetting; Physical & Operations Security; Counterintelligence & Identity Intelligence; Law Enforcement. |
| Warfighter Support | Europe/Americas/Arctic; Africa/Near East; Indo-Pacific; Global Operations & Integration; WMD Deterrence; Global Partnerships. |

PREM is the useful routing point for enterprise capability/resource alignment; SASP for sensitive-activity governance; CL&S for industrial/CI/security integration; Warfighter Support for command/region/partner alignment. That is a functional inference from their official mission statements, not a new delegation. [Official DDI missions](https://ousdi.defense.gov/About-Us/Director-for-Defense-Intelligence-DDI/).

The statutory chain matters more than the organization diagram. **10 USC137** places USD(I&S) responsibilities under SecDef; **50 USC3038** preserves DNI/SecDef program roles and enumerates Defense intelligence element functions. **10 USC426** provides an ISR integration council spanning Services, agencies, commands and Joint Staff; it is a requirements/shortfalls coordination mechanism, not a new source of money. NIP and MIP classifications are program/budget responsibilities, not interchangeable cash pools. [§137](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section137&num=0&edition=prelim), [50 USC3038](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3038&num=0&edition=prelim), [§426](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section426&num=0&edition=prelim).

| Intelligence/security actor | Planning/resource/execution distinction |
|---|---|
| DIA | All-source military intelligence and Defense HUMINT/CI statutory functions; its finance/acquisition workforce programs, budgets, allocates and contracts. INT-31/33/35 have particularly relevant DIA authorities and conditions. |
| NSA/CSS | SIGINT/cryptologic mission; Director's express research-grant authority in 50 USC3611; cryptologic support funding in INT-30. Do not confuse cryptologic mission management with unrestricted domestic records access. |
| NGA | Geospatial mission and agency procurement resources; specific reciprocal data/product and fee-receipt tools in INT-42. |
| NRO | Overhead reconnaissance R&D, acquisition and operation under 50 USC3038(b); commercial acquisition is executed through its acquisition offices, not an implied business power from being an intelligence agency. |
| DCSA | Industrial security, personnel vetting, CI/insider-threat and security training. Its industrial-security mission and FOCI risk mitigation are not CFIUS, economy-wide regulation or universal criminal jurisdiction. |
| Army | Intelligence staffs and INSCOM mission components; Army Counterintelligence Command for CI. Army CID's criminal investigative remit is not interchangeable with Army CI. |
| Navy/Marine Corps | Intelligence components and NCIS: distinguish intelligence support, CI and criminal cases; NCIS Economic Crimes/Cyber offices are relevant to procurement exploitation and technology protection. |
| Air Force/Space Force | Intelligence staffs and mission elements; AFOSI supports both Services in investigations and technology protection. |
| CCMD J2 / Service intelligence staff | Define intelligence requirements, coordinate capabilities and nominate shortfalls; mission demand is not independent approval of sensitive collection, a commercial entity, or an unappropriated acquisition. |

Organizational evidence: [DIA finance/acquisition](https://www.dia.mil/Careers/Career-Fields/Finance-Acquisition/), [DCSA directorates](https://www.dcsa.mil/About-Us/Directorates/), [Army CI Command](https://www.army.mil/acic), [INSCOM components](https://www.usainscom.army.mil/MSCs/), [NCIS field offices](https://www.ncis.navy.mil/About-NCIS/Locations/), [AFOSI Air/Space support](https://www.osi.af.mil/News/Commentaries/Display/Article/2379116/important-strategic-steps-by-osi-support-usaf-and-ussf/), [NRO February 12, 2026 commercial-contract announcement](https://www.nro.gov/news-media-featured-stories/news-media-archive/News-Article/Article/4405778/maj-gen-povak-speaks-at-nssa-disc-announces-latest-commercial-contracts/). DTRA's [CTR Directorate](https://www.dtra.mil/About/Mission/Cooperative-Threat-Reduction/) supplies the execution route for INT-27.

**Required handoffs:** USD(I&S)/mission sponsor → competent Defense intelligence element → NIP/MIP program and agency comptroller → counsel/oversight and specifically authorized approver → warranted acquisition or separately authorized agreement/activity official. Add DNI, CIA, FBI, State, Commerce or other partners only where the selected statute/activity requires. This chain does not disclose or speculate about operational intelligence methods.

## Limitations and gaps: do not collapse the categories

| Proposed need/action | Finding | Classification and remedy |
|---|---|---|
| Use an intelligence cover business for ordinary domestic DoD supply or a general commercial strategy | §435 limits domestic business/activities and preserves the need for separately authorized collection. | **Express purpose/means limit.** Use ordinary lawful acquisition for supplies; commercial cover is not a workaround. |
| Compel any bank to supply records for any DoD national-security interest | 12 USC3414(a)(1) is not the FBI-specific compulsory mechanism of (a)(5); 15 USC1681v is tied to international terrorism. | **Partner/authority boundary.** Identify applicable process and competent agency; no general DoD business-record subpoena inferred. |
| Finance any U.S. or foreign company with FMF loans | AECA financing concerns eligible foreign defense procurement and Presidential/State roles. | **Purpose/holder limit.** Consider genuinely applicable domestic-industrial tools elsewhere in atlas; FMF is not the substitute. |
| Send foreign governments unrestricted cash under CTR | 50 USC3711 supplies equipment/goods/services rather than direct cash assistance. | **Express method limit.** A new cash mechanism would need separate existing law or additional legislation. |
| Execute complementary civilian foreign assistance entirely within DoD | §385 expressly contemplates another agency doing what DoD cannot; capped funds and notifications. | **Partner-dependent feasible pathway**, not necessarily a government-wide missing authority. |
| Make defense-education participants from nondeveloping countries eligible for §342 waiver | FY26 law already removed the developing-country condition in relevant waiver. | **Former gap addressed by enacted law**; funds and finding remain. |
| Build common allied repair networks at scale | §2349 and §842 pilot offer tools; pilot calls for identifying statutory, policy and fiscal impediments. | **Desired capability evidenced by enacted pilot.** A specific remaining legal gap must identify the actual blocked transaction; do not presume all barriers disappeared. |
| Contribute to NATO innovation investment immediately | §2350s exists but specific authorized amounts, appropriation and participation not established here. | **Resource/implementation unverified**, not missing positive power. |
| Improve protection of cleared industrial facilities | DCSA protective authority exists, but GAO documents operational/resource and system gaps. | **Implementation/resources**, not automatically a request for broader surveillance or new authority. |
| Operate new IWTSD foreign joint RDT&E immediately | FY26 §1234 country reports, MOA/certification and designation precede activity. | **New authority with unverified prerequisites.** Confirm implementation before marking executable. |
| Have the new dedicated cyber intelligence capability available on Oct.2 | §430d deadline is Oct.1, with MIP funding and budget requirements. | **Statutory requirement, execution not established.** Public law alone cannot certify completion. |

GAO's April 24, 2026 industrial-security audit is a concrete resource/implementation case: DCSA performed fewer than 40% of required facility reviews and faced workforce and analytic-system deficiencies. GAO's subsequently updated recommendation page records August 2026 corrective plans, including actions extending into FY2027, with recommendations still open. This supports an **observed execution gap**, not a conclusion that DoD lacks legal industrial-security authority. [GAO-26-107861](https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-26-107861).

Potential “want but lack authority” claims therefore remain **candidate legal gaps** until a specific strategy-derived requirement is compared against the full atlas and available partner routes. The strongest defensible final product should show: requirement → existing tools/actors → legally prohibited method or missing instrument (if established) → alternative partner route → policy/delegation/resource impediment → evidence strength. This domain supplies no assertion that national-security purpose overrides purpose, appropriations, privacy, export, criminal-process or human-rights restrictions.

## Validation and integration notes

- All 46 records have unique IDs, statutory citations/URLs, five actor-chain fields, requirements, limits, funding, coordination and confidence/currentness statements. No positive capability is based solely on policy or an EO.
- **INT-21 and INT-23 are intentionally partner-dependent Presidential/State mechanisms with DoD execution**, not powers wholly vested in SecDef. The UI should expose that distinction.
- **INT-32 is particularly conditional:** new activity initiation sunset December 31, 2028; ongoing conduct and all other conditions must be checked separately. **INT-35** separate foreign-shared-intelligence authority expires December 31, 2028.
- Monetary ceilings are statutory maxima, not budget allocations or balances. The parent project's FY2027 CR/new-start analysis must sit above every availability label.
- Exact secretarial delegations, executed MOUs, country/recipient eligibility, releasability, Chief-of-Mission coordination, funding allotments and staffing are transaction-level unknowns. “Existing pathway” means legally specified mechanism, not ready-to-obligate approval.
- Coverage is broad but not certified exhaustive: Code chapter sweeps, major uncodified notes and enacted FY26 amendments were performed; every country program and every FY26/27 supplemental restriction was not independently line-by-line reconciled in this delegated domain. Preserve that disclosure in integration.


## Cross-cutting fiscal and enterprise sources

Title 31 chapters 13, 15, 33, 63, 91 and 97; Title 10 department/Service/COCOM organization and financial-management chapters; enacted transfer and CR provisions; 10 U.S.C. §§166a, 191–193, 2205, 2209, 2214, 2601, 2608, 2733; 5 U.S.C. §3109; 28 U.S.C. §2672; general fee authority and the stated Supreme Court holding. Mechanisms are conditional on their own purpose, time, amount, approvals and exceptions.

## Reproduction and verification

Structured records are in research/*.json; build_atlas.py merges and validates the schemas, creates CSV/JSON and the full readable dossier. Domain generators and source manifests remain in the project. Large downloaded source corpora are retained locally and are not part of the hosted static site. All sources used for claims are linked in the records, synthesis or domain audits.