{
  "id": "USC-12",
  "category": "STEM education and laboratory partnerships",
  "capability": "Support technical education, graduate training, and laboratory partnerships",
  "summary": "Use distinct technical-education, graduate-fellowship, K–12, STARBASE, and defense-laboratory partnership routes. Support may include grants, contracts, cash awards, personnel, internships, research participation, equipment, and the separately bounded Japanese language/culture training program for scientists, engineers, and managers.",
  "legal_basis": [
    {
      "citation": "10 U.S.C. §2193",
      "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIII-chap111-sec2193.htm",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": "Official GovInfo 2024 baseline; read alongside the enacted amendments identified in this record."
    },
    {
      "citation": "10 U.S.C. §2193b",
      "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIII-chap111-sec2193b.htm",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": "Official GovInfo 2024 baseline; read alongside the enacted amendments identified in this record."
    },
    {
      "citation": "10 U.S.C. §2194",
      "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIII-chap111-sec2194.htm",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": "Official GovInfo 2024 baseline; read alongside the enacted amendments identified in this record."
    },
    {
      "citation": "15 U.S.C. §3710(i)",
      "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title15/html/USCODE-2024-title15-chap63-sec3710.htm",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": "Official GovInfo 2024 baseline; read alongside the enacted amendments identified in this record."
    },
    {
      "citation": "10 U.S.C. §2191",
      "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIII-chap111-sec2191.htm",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": "Official GovInfo 2024 baseline; enacted FY2026 changes identified separately."
    },
    {
      "citation": "10 U.S.C. §2192",
      "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIII-chap111-sec2192.htm",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": "Official GovInfo 2024 baseline; enacted FY2026 changes identified separately."
    },
    {
      "citation": "10 U.S.C. §2192b",
      "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIII-chap111-sec2192b.htm",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": "Official GovInfo 2024 baseline; enacted FY2026 changes identified separately."
    },
    {
      "citation": "10 U.S.C. §2193a",
      "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIII-chap111-sec2193a.htm",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": "Official GovInfo 2024 baseline; enacted FY2026 changes identified separately."
    },
    {
      "citation": "10 U.S.C. §2198",
      "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIII-chap111-sec2198.htm",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": "Official GovInfo 2024 baseline; enacted FY2026 changes identified separately."
    }
  ],
  "authority_holder": "Secretary of Defense and authorized defense-laboratory directors; the relevant Secretaries for STARBASE support",
  "actor_chain": {
    "planner": [
      "Relevant DoD mission or program sponsor"
    ],
    "resource_owner": [
      "Sponsoring component budget owner and comptroller; available funding not verified"
    ],
    "approver": [
      "Secretary of Defense and authorized defense-laboratory directors; the relevant Secretaries for STARBASE support; transaction-specific delegation must be confirmed"
    ],
    "executor": [
      "Authorized component contracting, agreements, or personnel office; assignment is illustrative"
    ],
    "partners": [
      "Program counsel, fiscal officials, and eligible external counterpart as applicable"
    ]
  },
  "actor_sources": [
    {
      "title": "Improvement of education in technical fields: grants for higher education in science and mathematics; Department of Defense STARBASE Program; Education partnerships; Utilization of Federal technology — statutory holder and execution conditions",
      "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title10/html/USCODE-2024-title10-subtitleA-partIII-chap111-sec2193.htm"
    }
  ],
  "requirements": [
    "Section 2193 student grants concern national-security-critical scientific and engineering disciplines, are paid to the enrolled student’s institution, and may not exceed attendance cost.",
    "Section 2194 agreements are with qualifying U.S. educational institutions; apply its priority requirements and the separate conditions for equipment loans, surplus transfers, and financial assistance.",
    "STARBASE under §2193b is a separate K–12 program with academy, selection, and support conditions; additional academies beyond the normal state cap require the specified waiver and expressly available appropriations.",
    "Equipment given under 15 U.S.C. 3710(i) must be excess to agency needs and support technical or scientific education or research at an educational institution or nonprofit.",
    "Section 2191 NDSEG fellowships are for U.S. citizens or nationals pursuing priority graduate fields and awarded solely on academic ability through nationwide competition; no geographic preference.",
    "Section 2192(b) permits contracts, cooperative agreements, grants, cash awards, voluntary services, and educational-event support in furtherance of authorized STEM education, unless the underlying provision specifies otherwise.",
    "Section 2192b supports students and teachers at schools determined to have significant numbers of military dependents; §2193a separately permits general elementary/secondary mathematics and science improvement programs.",
    "Section 2198 is a distinct competitive grant route to U.S. higher-education or nonprofit institutions for Japanese language and culture training of scientists, engineers, and managers; grant criteria address laboratory participation, Japanese research placements, defense-critical technology, and an appropriate nonfederal cost share."
  ],
  "limits": [
    "Do not import SMART service-obligation terms into §2193 student grants; these are distinct authorities.",
    "An education partnership is not a general unrestricted commercial subsidy, and equipment access does not convey all associated IP.",
    "Do not impose SMART-style return service on NDSEG fellowships without a separate applicable basis. No current §2198 Japanese-training program or solicitation was verified."
  ],
  "funding": [
    "Appropriate available education and research funds; STARBASE may accept the financial or other support enumerated in §2193b(f); partnership financial assistance uses new and separate contracts, agreements, or grants under §2194(b)(8)."
  ],
  "coordination_path": "Mission sponsor → relevant program or personnel lead → counsel and fiscal review → official holding the required authority → eligible counterpart. Named functions are routing guidance, not verified individual delegations.",
  "availability": "Express statutory pathway identified in the USC scrub. Current implementation, public intake, appropriations, available balances, and transaction-specific delegations were not independently verified.",
  "confidence": "High on the cited statutory text and express conditions; operational availability is unverified.",
  "currentness": "Reviewed 2026-10-05 against official GovInfo 2024 Code text and a targeted P.L. 119-60 enacted-amendment search. OLRC direct pages were intermittently under maintenance. This is not an exhaustive certification of legislation after that baseline, funding, implementation, or individual delegation.",
  "family": "Workforce and expertise",
  "supplement": "usc-review-2026-10-05",
  "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05",
  "implementation_caution": "Statutory-source review only. A current implementing program, open intake, available funds and individual delegation were not verified.",
  "usc_review_notes": [
    "Added in the October 5 statutory coverage review. The cited legal mechanism and its conditions were examined; a current implementing program, intake, funding balance and individual delegation were not verified."
  ],
  "mechanisms": [
    "Cooperation & exchanges"
  ],
  "goal_ids": [
    "develop-technology"
  ],
  "office_links": [
    {
      "office_id": "secretary-deputy-secretary",
      "role": "approver",
      "label": "Secretary of Defense and authorized defense-laboratory directors; the relevant Secretaries for STARBASE support; transaction-specific delegation must be confirmed"
    }
  ],
  "family_slug": "workforce-and-expertise",
  "instrument_groups": [
    "Other statutory tools"
  ],
  "executor_route": {
    "id": "execution-usc-12",
    "name": "Authorized component contracting, agreements, or personnel office; assignment is illustrative",
    "label": "Authorized component contracting, agreements, or personnel office; assignment is illustrative",
    "url": "/offices/execution/usc-12/",
    "basis": "Recorded executing role; this record-specific route is not an additional institutional office."
  },
  "program_context": [],
  "program_research": null,
  "checks": [
    {
      "key": "legal",
      "label": "Legal basis",
      "state": "Sources linked",
      "detail": "Legal sources and instrument limits are recorded."
    },
    {
      "key": "eligibility",
      "label": "Requirements",
      "state": "Gates recorded",
      "detail": "Read the requirements for this instrument; applicability depends on the proposed action."
    },
    {
      "key": "funds",
      "label": "Public funding",
      "state": "Rules recorded",
      "detail": "Appropriate available education and research funds; STARBASE may accept the financial or other support enumerated in §2193b(f); partnership financial assistance uses new and separate contracts, agreements, or grants under §2194(b)(8). Office budget figures are separate institutional context, not an allocation to this instrument.",
      "url": "/capabilities/usc-12/#funding"
    },
    {
      "key": "delegation",
      "label": "Assigned roles",
      "state": "Roles recorded",
      "detail": "Public sources describe institutional authority. The instrument identifies approval and execution roles; a specific signature remains transaction-dependent.",
      "url": "/capabilities/usc-12/#roles"
    },
    {
      "key": "execution",
      "label": "Engagement",
      "state": "Program unverified",
      "detail": "Added in the October 5 statutory review; no current implementing program, intake or individual delegation verified.",
      "url": "/sources/usc/"
    }
  ],
  "hard_limit": "Do not import SMART service-obligation terms into §2193 student grants; these are distinct authorities."
}