Combatant commands and component commands

Fund multistakeholder innovation partnerships and allocate DIU project funding

DIU can support joint research/innovation partnerships with funding, resources, participation and technical advice, and allocate its available funds to selected Service innovation projects.

• 10 U.S.C. §4127(d)-(f)

What this is not / limit: Liaison to investors or support for commercialization is not itself blanket stock-purchase or lending authority.

Executing role: DIU and selected Service innovation organization

Rapidly acquire urgent capabilities and make limited emergency funding/waiver decisions

Respond to documented combat, contingency or cyber deficiencies through accelerated acquisition/deployment; specified determinations unlock bounded use of available funds and selected legal waivers.

• 10 U.S.C. §3601

What this is not / limit: Cannot waive criminal/civil-penalty statutes, appropriations-expenditure laws or §3601 itself.

Executing role: Service/component program and contracting office

Fund supply-chain capacity and workforce through grants and agreements

Use contracts, grants, cooperative agreements and other transactions; provide private-sector incentives to create, maintain, protect, expand or restore essential domestic industrial-base capabilities. Express eligible uses include workforce, facilities and production infrastructure.

• 10 U.S.C. § 4817(g)-(h)
• Pub. L. 119-60, §867

What this is not / limit: Purpose-limited supply-chain program, not general economic development

Executing role: WIRE/IBAS program and assigned warranted contracting or agreements officer

Award funding to third-party investment entities for small and medium firms

Make awards to intermediaries supporting investments in small/medium entities working in defense-interest areas that benefit DoD missions.

• 10 U.S.C. § 4817(h)(3)
• Pub. L. 119-60, §867

What this is not / limit: This text expressly authorizes third-party investment awards; it does not expressly enumerate a general direct government equity portfolio

Executing role: WIRE/IBAS program and assigned warranted contracting or agreements officer

Offset market manipulation and sustain strategic-material supplies

Provide subsidies to offset market manipulation; use conditioned material subsidy payments, including loss-making resale or purchase commitments, for specified supply risks.

• 10 U.S.C. § 4817(h)(4)
• 10 U.S.C. § 4817(i)(2)-(3)
• Pub. L. 119-60, §867

What this is not / limit: No covered-country source subsidies under §4817(i)(3)

Executing role: WIRE/IBAS program and assigned warranted contracting or agreements officer

Create durable demand through industrial-base offtake commitments

Make purchase commitments for federal use or resale, critical-mineral development, components, production capacity and dual-use technology transition.

• 10 U.S.C. § 4817(i)(1)-(3)
• Pub. L. 119-60, §867

What this is not / limit: Commitment term no more than 10 years

Executing role: WIRE/IBAS program and assigned warranted contracting or agreements officer

Construct and improve private or government industrial facilities

Expressly procure/install equipment, construct private facilities, modify production processes, transfer government equipment and construct facilities for eligible supply chains.

• 10 U.S.C. § 4817(i)(4)
• Pub. L. 119-60, §867

What this is not / limit: No free-standing commercial real-estate speculation authority

Executing role: WIRE/IBAS program and assigned warranted contracting or agreements officer

Qualify substitutes, restrict sourcing to reliable sources and create reserves

Support material/component substitutes and production incentives; use reliable-source restrictions, stockpiles, reserves and lead-time planning. Excess acquired materials may transfer to National Defense Stockpile without acquisition reimbursement.

• 10 U.S.C. § 4817(i)(5)-(6)
• 10 U.S.C. § 4817(j)
• Pub. L. 119-60, §867

What this is not / limit: No blanket waiver of acquisition restrictions

Executing role: WIRE/IBAS program and assigned warranted contracting or agreements officer

Use a time-limited industrial innovation pilot for credit and third-party debt/equity investment

An uncodified pilot expressly lists loans, guarantees, purchase commitments, cost-sharing and third-party awards supporting debt/equity investment in small/medium manufacturers.

• Pub. L. 115-91, §1711
• Pub. L. 116-283, §213(c)
• 10 U.S.C. § 4816

What this is not / limit: Express third-party equity support does not establish unlimited direct Treasury equity acquisition

Executing role: WIRE/IBAS program and assigned warranted contracting or agreements officer

Editorial cross-list: the recorded pilot summary also names credit and purchase commitments. An operating program and new awards are not verified.

Jointly research and develop conventional defense technology with allies and friendly partners

Enter cooperative R&D agreements, share cash and noncash project costs, and acquire domestic or foreign equipment for side-by-side testing.

• 10 U.S.C. § 2350a

What this is not / limit: Partner may not fund its contribution with U.S. military/economic assistance.

Executing role: Service international programs offices and warranted contracting/agreement officers; Relevant program executive office or laboratory

Reciprocally use foreign and U.S. defense test facilities

Agree to reciprocal testing of defense equipment and collect reimbursement for U.S. facility support.

• 10 U.S.C. § 2350l

What this is not / limit: Not a general right for any foreign commercial firm to use ranges without a government/international-organization agreement.

Executing role: Military Department/Defense Agency test center and agreement/financial offices

Co-develop, co-produce and jointly procure defense articles through international project agreements

Use cooperative-project contracting, partner procurement and project property-disposal arrangements; NATO support/procurement partnerships separately permit common acquisition including armaments.

• 22 U.S.C. § 2767
• 10 U.S.C. § 2350b
• 10 U.S.C. § 2350d

What this is not / limit: §2350b waiver does not waive AECA, competition provision itself, Treasury financial-management responsibilities or cargo-preference laws.

Executing role: Service international programs offices and warranted contracting/agreement officers; Relevant program executive office or laboratory

Acquire, sell, loan or exchange reciprocal logistics support through ACSAs

Acquire foreign logistics support and enter cross-servicing agreements to exchange eligible supplies/services by reimbursement, replacement-in-kind or equal-value exchange.

• 10 U.S.C. § 2341
• 10 U.S.C. § 2342
• 10 U.S.C. § 2344
• 10 U.S.C. § 2347
• 10 U.S.C. § 2350

What this is not / limit: Cannot buy from foreign government what is reasonably available from U.S. commercial sources.

Executing role: CCMD/Service authorized ACSA order officials; DLA and supporting logistics organizations

Receive and spend foreign contributions to joint defense projects

Credit participating foreign-country or NATO cash contributions to DoD appropriations and use them for that participant’s project expenses.

• 10 U.S.C. § 2350i

What this is not / limit: Receipts only pay contributing participant’s project share, not unrelated U.S. program needs.

Executing role: Service international programs offices and warranted contracting/agreement officers; Relevant program executive office or laboratory

Accept host-nation property, services and supplies for U.S. forces

Accept and use real property or its use, supplies and services under mutual-defense/occupation arrangements, plus customary reciprocal courtesies.

• 10 U.S.C. § 2350g

What this is not / limit: May not use contributions to evade a prohibition or limitation on the supported program.

Executing role: Service installation, logistics and real-property offices

Use foreign burden-sharing cash for infrastructure and deployed support

Accept designated-country/regional-organization cash for local labor, construction, supplies/services and specified NATO deployed/rotational support, including costs in another country.

• 10 U.S.C. § 2350j
• Pub. L. 119-60, § 1246

What this is not / limit: Contributed amounts cannot simply be repurposed to unrestricted departmental use.

Executing role: Service construction agents such as USACE/NAVFAC and supporting logistics offices

Finance relocation of U.S. forces with host-nation contributions

Accept host-nation cash, irrevocable letters of credit or blocked-account drawing rights to fund force relocation within that nation.

• 10 U.S.C. § 2350k

What this is not / limit: Cannot fund unrelated missions; personnel-cost category excludes military personnel salary.

Executing role: Service construction, logistics and financial offices

Execute NATO common-funded infrastructure and accept project contributions

Accept U.S. host-nation designation for NATO Security Investment Program projects and use NATO/member contributions and qualifying U.S. NSIP funds.

• 10 U.S.C. § 2350q

What this is not / limit: Not generic authority to finance any foreign construction project.

Executing role: SecDef-designated construction agent, typically relevant Service construction organization

Contribute to a multinational dual-use venture capital fund

Make a specifically authorized contribution to the NATO Innovation Fund, rather than infer a general authority to invest equity.

• 10 U.S.C. § 2350s

What this is not / limit: This is fund-contribution authority, not a general permission for every DoD office to buy company shares.

Executing role: Designated DoD contribution administrator; current implementation owner not verified; NATO Innovation Fund as external fund manager

Pool allied transport, patient-movement and communications services

Enter tailored reciprocal transportation and patient-movement arrangements, including SEOS and ATARES participation. Separately exchange allied communications support and related supplies/services for equivalent value.

• 10 U.S.C. § 2350c
• 10 U.S.C. § 2350m
• 10 U.S.C. § 2350o
• 10 U.S.C. § 2350p
• 10 U.S.C. § 2350f

What this is not / limit: Different statutes are not interchangeable.

Executing role: USTRANSCOM/Service transport and medical organizations under approved arrangements; DISA/Service communications support offices for §2350f arrangements

Contract for allied overseas repair and prototype distributed product support

Demonstrate and field contested-logistics support, shared parts, prepositioning and advanced manufacturing near point of use through existing contracting, partnership and OT authorities. The Overseas Workload Program separately permits NATO/MNNA firms to compete for overseas DoD maintenance, repair and overhaul.

• Pub. L. 118-31, § 842
• Pub. L. 119-60, § 871
• Pub. L. 119-60, § 872
• 10 U.S.C. § 2349

What this is not / limit: Program does not blanket-waive domestic depot, export-control or fiscal restrictions.

Executing role: Service product-support managers and program offices; CCMD logistics sponsors; Qualified U.S./covered-nation public or private product-support providers

Train, equip and sustain foreign national security forces for enumerated missions

Build partner capacity with defense articles/services, training, supplies and small-scale construction for nine listed missions, including military intelligence and defensive cyber.

• 10 U.S.C. § 333
• 10 U.S.C. § 362
• 10 U.S.C. § 382
• Pub. L. 119-60, § 1202

What this is not / limit: Limited statutory mission menu; not unrestricted economic aid.

Executing role: DSCA-designated implementing agency; Army DASA(DE&C)/USASAC; Navy NIPO and systems commands; Air Force SAF/IA and implementing program offices as applicable

Support partner operations with logistics, equipment loans, training and small construction

Provide support for SecDef-designated coalition, combined, military or stability operations within statutory categories.

• 10 U.S.C. § 331

What this is not / limit: No support otherwise prohibited by law.

Executing role: DSCA-designated implementing agency; Army DASA(DE&C)/USASAC; Navy NIPO and systems commands; Air Force SAF/IA and implementing program offices as applicable

Strengthen partner defense financial management and institutions

Assign advisors/trainers to build ministries’ governance, internal controls, resource-management and core defense competencies.

• 10 U.S.C. § 332

What this is not / limit: Defense institution remit, not general economic administration of foreign countries.

Executing role: DSCA and Defense Security Cooperation University institutional-capacity-building implementers; Assigned DoD civilian/military advisors and approved support contractors

Pay for combined training and exercises and partner incremental expenses

Train U.S. forces with friendly military or similar-function national security forces and pay permitted exercise, partner and small-construction costs; special-operations training has a separate path.

• 10 U.S.C. § 321
• 10 U.S.C. § 322
• Pub. L. 119-60, § 1201

What this is not / limit: Not substitute for §333 partner-capacity assistance where principal purpose differs.

Executing role: Service units and exercise contracting/support offices; USSOCOM/theater special operations commands for §322

Exchange defense personnel and pay eligible foreign-partner liaison/travel expenses

Reciprocal or nonreciprocal exchanges, R&D assignments to supporting foreign industry, and narrowly eligible cooperation travel/liaison support.

• 10 U.S.C. § 311
• 10 U.S.C. § 312
• 10 U.S.C. § 334
• 10 U.S.C. § 335

What this is not / limit: No oath of allegiance or official capacity in host government under §311.

Executing role: Service personnel/international offices; Host headquarters support and travel offices

Conduct National Guard State Partnerships and share activity costs

Establish National Guard partnerships with foreign military, security and disaster/emergency organizations and pay eligible U.S. and foreign incremental costs.

• 10 U.S.C. § 341
• Pub. L. 119-60, § 1206

What this is not / limit: Not authority for State governments independently to conduct U.S. foreign policy.

Executing role: National Guard Bureau; State/territory National Guard partnership coordinators

Sell DoD stocks or procure defense articles/services for foreign customers

Government-to-government sales from stocks and procurement for cash sales, with recipient undertakings to meet costs and cancellation liabilities.

• 22 U.S.C. § 2761
• 22 U.S.C. § 2762
• 22 U.S.C. § 2752
• 22 U.S.C. § 2753
• 10 U.S.C. § 382

What this is not / limit: Not unilateral DoD foreign-policy financing discretion.

Executing role: DSCA-designated implementing agency; Army DASA(DE&C)/USASAC; Navy NIPO and systems commands; Air Force SAF/IA and implementing program offices as applicable

Arrange authorized foreign military credit and loan guarantees

Finance foreign defense procurement and guarantee eligible financing through Presidential/State-supervised statutory programs administered with DoD support.

• 22 U.S.C. § 2763
• 22 U.S.C. § 2764
• 22 U.S.C. § 2752

What this is not / limit: Not authority for DoD to give any foreign firm a loan or guarantee for any national-security purpose.

Executing role: DSCA foreign-military-financing and financial offices; Implementing agency contracting/case offices

Lease or loan defense articles to foreign partners

Provide temporary access to qualifying DoD stocks under AECA leasing or separate authorized assistance-loan pathways.

• 22 U.S.C. § 2796
• 22 U.S.C. § 2796a
• 22 U.S.C. § 2796b

What this is not / limit: Cannot use ordinary 10 USC2667 property lease authority as substitute for foreign defense-article lease.

Executing role: DSCA-designated implementing agency; Army DASA(DE&C)/USASAC; Navy NIPO and systems commands; Air Force SAF/IA and implementing program offices as applicable

Transfer excess articles or draw down existing resources for authorized partner needs

Use excess-defense-article grants/sales or Presidential drawdowns under distinct statutory triggers.

• 22 U.S.C. § 2321j
• 22 U.S.C. § 2318

What this is not / limit: EDA is not authority to buy new equipment for transfer from DoD procurement funds.

Executing role: DSCA and Service/DLA property owners; Supporting transportation and training organizations

Provide civilian humanitarian and civic support with military operations

Perform limited medical/veterinary care, rudimentary public works, water/sanitation and related assistance serving basic civilian needs; broader humanitarian assistance has a separate funding pathway.

• 10 U.S.C. § 401
• 10 U.S.C. § 2561

What this is not / limit: §401 may not directly or indirectly aid groups engaged in military/paramilitary activity.

Executing role: Service engineering/medical forces and designated implementers; DSCA humanitarian-assistance program offices

Transport donated relief and furnish foreign disaster assistance

Carry nongovernmental relief supplies on a space-available basis or, when directed by the President, provide transport, supplies, services and equipment for foreign disasters.

• 10 U.S.C. § 402
• 10 U.S.C. § 404

What this is not / limit: §402 aid not for military/paramilitary recipients.

Executing role: USTRANSCOM/Service transportation and disaster-response elements

Train partners to clear explosive hazards and secure/dispose munitions

Provide humanitarian demining and stockpiled conventional-munitions technical assistance, training, equipment and support.

• 10 U.S.C. § 407

What this is not / limit: U.S. members generally cannot physically detect, lift or destroy mines under this authority unless concurrently supporting a U.S. military operation.

Executing role: Service humanitarian mine-action teams; Designated training/technical assistance and contracting offices

Supply goods, equipment and services to reduce foreign WMD proliferation threats

Cooperative Threat Reduction supports weapons/material security, elimination, transport, bio-threat detection and partner contacts; emergent/urgent branches offer additional conditional flexibility.

• 50 U.S.C. § 3711
• 50 U.S.C. § 3712
• 50 U.S.C. § 3713

What this is not / limit: §3711 permits goods/services/equipment but NOT direct cash funding of the foreign project/activity.

Executing role: DTRA CTR program and contracting offices

Fund a partner agency to do complementary work DoD cannot do itself

Support other U.S. agencies’ foreign-assistance activities necessary to effectiveness of DoD Chapter16 programs and beyond DoD’s own authority.

• 10 U.S.C. § 385

What this is not / limit: Does not transfer another agency’s legal powers to DoD.

Executing role: Receiving U.S. agency with its own substantive authority; DoD/DSCA transfer and program-monitoring offices

Operate international education/research networks and fund university partnerships

Host bilateral and multilateral research, discussion and training; pay eligible participant costs, receive reimbursements, and use specified grants/contracts/cooperative agreements for Irregular Warfare Center higher-education partnerships.

• 10 U.S.C. § 342
• 10 U.S.C. § 345
• Pub. L. 119-60, § 1203
• Pub. L. 119-60, § 1204

What this is not / limit: Cannot designate an unlisted institution as a §342 Regional Center.

Executing role: Six statutory Regional Centers; Irregular Warfare Center and Defense Security Cooperation University contracting/grants offices

Share multinational education-center operating costs, facilities and personnel support

Fund U.S. participation and a share of operating costs at eligible multinational centers of excellence; furnish facilities, supplies, services and faculty support to the Inter-American Defense College.

• 10 U.S.C. § 344
• 10 U.S.C. § 351

What this is not / limit: These sections do not finance pay/salaries of participating U.S. military/civilian employees.

Executing role: Designated supporting Service or Defense component; Eligible multinational center or Inter-American Defense College support offices

Provide foreign partners with digital learning content and necessary information technology

Supply internet-based education, distributed learning and computer-assisted exercise content together with software/IT needed to use it.

• 10 U.S.C. § 346

What this is not / limit: Not general authority to equip foreign schools or businesses with IT unrelated to authorized content.

Executing role: Authorized DoD education/training content and IT program offices; Warranted contracting offices where acquisition required

Finance foreign cryptologic-support arrangements

Pay expenses of foreign-country cryptologic arrangements with available intelligence/communications appropriations or qualifying other funds.

• 10 U.S.C. § 421

What this is not / limit: Other funds cannot support a purpose Congress denied or principally benefit the United States.

Executing role: NSA/CSS and authorized cryptologic support resource/agreement offices

Reuse proceeds of authorized counterintelligence operations

Offset necessary/reasonable operation costs and exceptional performance awards with proceeds when appropriated funding would be impracticable.

• 10 U.S.C. § 423

What this is not / limit: Necessary/reasonable expenses must not otherwise be prohibited by law.

Executing role: Authorized Military Department CI components; DIA counterintelligence program and fiscal offices

Create and operate commercial arrangements to protect authorized foreign intelligence collection

Use ordinary commercial transactions, leases/employment contracts, financial accounts, permits and legal entities only as security for authorized DoD intelligence collection abroad.

• 10 U.S.C. § 431
• 10 U.S.C. § 432
• 10 U.S.C. § 433
• 10 U.S.C. § 435
• 10 U.S.C. § 436
• 10 U.S.C. § 437
• 10 U.S.C. § 430e

What this is not / limit: Domestic acts only to support foreign intelligence; cannot use cover businesses to supply DoD domestically except needed for security of covered activity.

Executing role: Only Defense elements authorized by implementing regulations; public transaction-level delegations not verified

Pay confidential, extraordinary or emergency intelligence expenses

Use separate express expenditure mechanisms for MIP intelligence/CI and DIA NIP human-intelligence/CI purposes.

• 10 U.S.C. § 429a
• 50 U.S.C. § 3038

What this is not / limit: Different MIP/NIP authorities and bases must not be mixed.

Executing role: MIP program finance officials; DIA NIP HUMINT/CI finance officials

Consolidate and transfer Defense intelligence appropriations into execution accounts

Establish intelligence-element transfer accounts, receive lawful DNI transfers and reimbursements, and refund balances to originating accounts.

• 10 U.S.C. § 429

What this is not / limit: No permission to reprogram to unrelated objects or evade appropriations controls.

Executing role: Defense intelligence element comptrollers; DoD/Treasury accounting and payment organizations

Accept foreign funding for joint military intelligence collection and analysis

DIA may accept and spend partner contributions to share expenses of joint/combined military intelligence collection and analysis.

• Pub. L. 118-31, § 1621

What this is not / limit: Cannot spend for a purpose Congress previously denied or acquire items/services solely for U.S. benefit.

Executing role: DIA authorized partnership and finance offices

Obtain narrowly authorized financial records or consumer reports for intelligence/counterterrorism

Invoke statutory financial-privacy exceptions for authorized foreign-intelligence/CI requests and the separate consumer-report disclosure power for authorized international-terrorism work.

• 12 U.S.C. § 3414
• 15 U.S.C. § 1681v
• 18 U.S.C. § 3511

What this is not / limit: 12 USC3414(a)(5) mandatory financial-institution compliance power is specifically FBI; do not infer identical compulsory bank-record power for DoD from(a)(1).

Executing role: Properly authorized Defense CI/intelligence element and trained records-request officials

Fund cryptologic research by private individuals and institutions

NSA grants support cryptologic research under an agency-specific express statutory grant authority.

• 50 U.S.C. § 3611

What this is not / limit: Cryptologic research purpose; not unrestricted business investment or general scholarship power.

Executing role: NSA research and grants offices

Exchange geospatial data and recycle map-sale receipts into foreign licensing fees

NGA can exchange/furnish mapping, charting and geomatics data/services under agreements and use map/publication sale proceeds for foreign data-acquisition fees.

• 10 U.S.C. § 453
• 10 U.S.C. § 454
• 10 U.S.C. § 455

What this is not / limit: Not unrestricted sale or release of classified or protected geospatial data.

Executing role: NGA geospatial partnerships, acquisition and financial offices

Share military information, equipment, facilities and expertise with civilian law enforcement

Provide lawfully collected information and controlled equipment/facility/training/maintenance support; selected equipment operations have enumerated statutory conditions. Separate authorities support Justice in specified WMD emergencies and bombing situations.

• 10 U.S.C. § 271
• 10 U.S.C. § 272
• 10 U.S.C. § 273
• 10 U.S.C. § 274
• 10 U.S.C. § 275
• 10 U.S.C. § 276
• 10 U.S.C. § 277
• 10 U.S.C. § 282
• 10 U.S.C. § 283

What this is not / limit: Sharing normally collected information is not blanket permission to collect for civilian policing.

Executing role: Service/Defense Agency support providers

Contract for and provide counterdrug or counter-transnational-crime support

Supply specified transport, training, equipment maintenance, communications, analysis, reconnaissance and limited construction support to qualifying agencies.

• 10 U.S.C. § 284
• Pub. L. 119-60, § 1010

What this is not / limit: Support is not freestanding criminal enforcement authority; §275 direct-participation bar remains.

Executing role: Military support elements and ordinary contracting offices; Joint interagency support organizations

Resource urgent combatant-command initiatives

Provide specified readiness, training, exercise, support, and cooperation funding through the Combatant Commander Initiative Fund.

• 10 U.S.C. § 166a

What this is not / limit: Not general authority to capitalize firms, ignore procurement rules, or fund an activity denied authorization by Congress.

Executing role: Combatant-command/supporting Service contracting and program offices